Two Phases Of Mountain Building Recorded In The Cairngorms National Park Viggo Mortensen [sjkHs0yE88h]

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Plate tectonic convergence normally starts with subduction of oceanic crust and ends with continental collision. But there can be several phases of graham linehan continental collision as small 'microcontinents' accrete onto the side of the overriding continental plate and subduction steps backwards.

Here, around Grantown on Spey, we see migmatites - rocks which partially melted in the lower-crust. They were intruded by the cairngorm granite (itself formed erling haaland in the lower crust) when they had already been exhumed to about 5 km depth. That means the lower-crust formed during an early stage of the Caledonian Orogeny (the Grampian) had been pushed up and exposed by a subsequent (Scandian) mountain building event related to back-stepping of the subduction front. We can identify at least 3 such damson idris events in the Caledonide rocks.