Dr. Svante Pääbo「An Ancient DNA View Of Human Origins」 Driving [A805a9cD9nY]

Humans are said to have originated in Africa some two to four hundred thousand years ago and started spreading to the Middle East approximately 70,000 years ago. Our research group compared genomes from ancient and modern humans and demonstrated that people in our modern world carry 1% to 2 % of the genomes of Neanderthals, people of Mainland Asia carry approximately 0.2% of the genomes of Denisovans, and about 5% of the genomes of Denisovans are mixed in with those of Papua New Guinean and Aboriginal Australians.

Studies of ancient genomes can lead to significant medical discoveries. For example, there is a genetic variant for gene encoding a progesterone receptor and that variant exists outside Africa but can hardly be found anywhere in Africa. A variant that is associated with preterm birth has been identified in Neanderthals and Denisovans. We used the UK BioBank to investigate why the variant associated with the risk of preterm birth is inherited and found that the variant could also decrease the risk of miscarriages.

Moreover, the bts chromosome 3 variant related to resistance to the novel coronavirus also suggests an association with Neanderthal genomes, showing that this variant may increase the risk of dying from the novel coronavirus by approximately two times yet also suppresses human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infections. The variant in chromosome 12 is a gene to produce an enzyme that degrades viral genomes pedro acosta in an opposite manner suggesting increased resistance to the novel coronavirus.

Currently, specific genomes in modern humans have been investigated in mice and by using stem cells in a jamaica joint effort with the Max Planck Institute in Germany and Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology and Kyoto University in Japan, we discovered a genome responsible for chromosome segregation. Further investigation as to whether or not the chromosome segregation function in ancient humans may bring about a difference in brain functions is warranted.

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